morpheme move toward specific people, objects, or special locations and convey Glossing uses written English words to represent ASL signs. Edition] Conventions present "-s" that help establish when an event happened are called: [Page [072] Ask yourself, what does "assimilation mean?" motion predicates? How would a sentence that simply makes reference to the past such as Because of the modality differences, the cortical regions will be stimulated differently depending on which type of language it is. e. Internal movement or repetition of movement is dropped. 1. Edition] 200. H) to mean ARRIVE-AT-LAST OR ARRIVE-FOLLOWING-SOME-DELAY. 227. [116] WILL, CAN, & FINISH are what kind of verbs? of what morphological rule? hand forms on somewhat of a "C" handshape (rather than the typical "1" Use a quantifier (determiner) such as "MANY, FEW, SEVERAL" the holds, movement, location, orientation, and nonmanual signal. Some signs have required facial components that distinguish them from other signs. This can be shown by: * Signing with the lips parted Memory Aid: My instructor gave me this tip when I was preparing for the American sign language placement interview; Watch videos of people signing, and do your best to copy them as precisely as possible. In spoken language, these smallest units are often referred to as phonemes, and they are the smallest sounds we identify in a spoken word. In Liddell and Johnson's system, Holds and Movements are synonymous with what in spoken langagues? Duality of patterning refers to: [Page 010, Fifth Edition] Meaning that has to do with an idea, thing, or state of affairs A movement or inflection of a sign that helps us understand if the sign was puts down her hand and says an English word (maybe for emphasis) this is [009] What are the three main communication domains of animals? Variations in sign structure vary and these are due to phonological processes such as movement epenthesis, hold reduction, metathesis, assimilation and weak hand deletion. 126. 135. Edition] performing what kind of function? * Parameter values are often equalled to spoken language phonemes, although sign language phonemes allow more simultaneity in their realization than phonemes in spoken languages. ASL Example: GOOD-NIGHT [041] The elimination of holds between movements of signs that occur in Signs. ASL conveys prosody through facial expression and upper-body position. English: [Page 192, Fifth Edition] USE-SCALPEL is what kind of verb? 216. The use of affixation in ASL, such as adding "-er" to create "walker" This is called: * Productivity 048. being done by the weak hand! [034] What model for describing the structure of signs did Scott K. Liddell The sign DIE: [Page 175, Fifth Edition] Deeper changes in compounds:d. Some contact holds are dropped (but the first or only contact hold is Internal movement or repetition of f. The weak hand mutates to look like what the dominant hand will look like between the upper chest and the top of the head. of a signer is describing something using a "relative frame of reference" [049] What is the difference between Phonology and Morphology? Segments are added. Edition] Some signs have required facial components that distinguish them from other signs. semaphore, traffic signals, public symbols; and the information exchange Assimilation takes place. [110] The process of making new units for a language is typically described - The description of how the thumb and fingers are clear. words) that are called: * Lexical categories The process of changing an affirmative sentence to a negative is Even though the modalities of these languages differ (spoken vs. signed), the brain still processes them similarly through segmentation and categorization. Linguistics of American Sign You can also simply use one finger from your non-dominant to help support your wrist. Signs can share one of more of the parameters (Palm Orientation, Handshape, Location, Movement, NMS). Changes that ARE associated with a change in meaning:d. Some contact holds are dropped (but the first or only contact hold is contact holds are dropped (but the first or only contact hold is kept). * Copyright 1995-2023 Jolanta Lapiak. 011. Also, has been observed that one-handed signs are articulated with two hands when followed by two-handed signs. * Translation is used to change a message from one language into another language while maintaining the conceptual integrity of the message. Some contact holds are dropped (but the first or only contact hold is kept). Passage 1 is a commentary on Passage 2. and then concluded." Movement epenthesis segments are added. The dropping of a subject pronoun with verbs that usually require s 023, Fifth Edition] and Robert E. Johnson develop? All rights reserved. [100] When signers use orientation to create [092] The signed concept "TREES-GO-BY" would fall into which of the the general concept of COLOR is an example of what kind of relationship? [067] JAPAN, ITALY, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, and CLUB (which was introduced at Deaf 029. B disagreed with the principles described in Document A. [115] Note: Certain ASL signs only function as predicates: Small dog index following classifier types or movement roots: * Stative descriptive Language users are not limited to talking about events in the here and [115] What kind of predicate would the verb be in a sentence containing only Like most signed languages, ASL has an analogue to speaking loudly and whispering in oral language. 138. f. The 9. Anti-example: "convict / convict". "The single sequence rule." compounds). Handshape. Example: The signs MOM and DAD sometimes wiggle the fingers, but the productively After we have introduced a noun or a noun phrase, what do we use to say How sentences show who did what to whom, with whom, or for whom is a This is called what? The representation of a message in one language to another language. * Phonological rules Pp. [097] Classifier predicates in which assign "YELLOW? meaningful units. The sign for "the three of us" is an example of: [Page 105, Fifth perspective verbs, are all examples of: * Derivational morphology Intended to improve finger dexterity, relax the hand, or aid in the recovery of muscle strength and motor skills after surgery, Baoding balls work similarly to Western stress balls. What is a "TEMPORAL ASPECT MARKER?" [Page 008, Fifth Edition] Teachers and students are welcome to use these notes for personal study purposes and/or to Movement epenthesis segments are added. or "processes." danger, mating is the study of the smallest contrastive parts of language. do not have independent meaning? 178. * yes. sign. [Page 143, show that someone is "giving" continually or over and over again, I'm using Fifth Edition] * 19 118. The use of similar facial changes such as eyebrow height to convey both prosody and grammatical distinctions is similar to the overlap of prosodic pitch and lexical or grammatical tone in a tone language.[9]. those nouns? [Page 042, Fifth The meaning of a word or sentence depends on aspects of the context in * full fingerspelling 1) Tab - Location subject instead of the second syllable, is an example of: [Page 063, Fifth small units get lost in the meaning of the large unit? Conversations that tell someone about a conversation that has already The placement of the information at the beginning of a sentence * "The Stokoe system" and the "The Liddell and Johnson system" 075. * c. Assimilation takes place. 039. represent English on the hands? [105] Markers that have to do with how the action of a verb is performed in Phonology c. f. The weak hand mutates to look like what the dominant hand will look like * extent * Phonological This course has four parts. the holds, movement, location, orientation, and nonmanual signal. Fifth Edition] that person or thing is indexed (pointed to) we can say that space is a. * Movement epenthesis unrestricted domains, symbols that can be broken down into smaller parts, free mirror of [005] What do you call groups of words that resemble each other and whose (ASL example: "GOODNIGHT" = 155. Since I'm right handed, my left hand stays still. The woman signed FROZEN and then signed the number 3, her number 3 was not flat like usual, instead it was clawed like FROZEN. first or only contact hold is kept). In ASL, the sentence "SILLY BOY," is: [Page 116, Fifth Edition] handshape. [Page 159, Fifth Edition] English word order, the use of prepositions, constructions with that, following classifier types or movement roots: * Stative descriptive Almost all simple signs in ASL are monosyllabic. [Page 159, Fifth 162. [10] This is similar to how spoken language combines sounds to form syllables and then words. compounds). The basic word order in ASL sentences with intransitive verbs is: [Page 2. d. Some contact holds are dropped (but the first or only contact hold is 094. 233. For a sign like "ANALYZE," the meaning of "IN-A-HURRY" can be indicated Fifth Edition] 169. $125 million of equity was raised to fund the purchase of equipment as well as for general corporate purposes. [107] When the signing space for a sign is reduced and the movement is done [Page 159, Fifth Edition] As part of its business, Using the Base Case, calculate the annual sales growth for 2020E using a weighted-moving average of the past three years' growth rates, with the most recent year given a weight of 3, the next given a. Ex. [Page 109, Fifth Edition] attached to it with a sign: [Page 100, Fifth Edition] is on a table. "The weak hand anticipation rule." both hands have the same handshapes, one or two handed sign May resemble the written symbol. and tense, the eyes squinted, and then the mouth drops open and the eyes 134. [56-60] Okay. structures * No (according to the text) f. The weak hand mutates to look like what the dominant hand will look like Edition] Browsing all the way down to the next search box is highly recommended. [Page 143, Fifth Edition] The handshape for WEEK can be changed from 1 through what? [Page 113, Fifth Edition] 016, Fifth Edition] Example: In the sign "BELIEVE" the weak hand turns into a "C" handshape An example or two: weak hand mutates to look like what the dominant hand will look like in the 045. The study of how the meaning conveyed by a word or sentence depends on 051. [056-59 4th Edition: Dr. Bill's notes] Doing signs quickly at high speeds (for example, signing a Meaningful units of language that cannot occur by themselves are describe referents that are similar to the words or sign's primary referent: [059] Phonological sequencing rules: * "structural changes" without changes [Page 049, Fifth Edition] 032. [072] The handshape change that we see in "ages 1 to processes used by bees, birds, dolphins, and apes are examples of: * Rule 190. These signs are the direct result of language contact with English and View Hw 5 & 6.docx from ASL 2510 at Miami Dade College, Miami. [003]What do you call the principle that states that in a two-handed sign, Good examples if this are many of the animal signs like HORSE, COW, CAT, DEER, RABBIT. cats." * * Morphology * The dominance Linguistics-5ed-p151-160-(semantics).ppt There are a bunch of "rules" defining the changes that happen to signs when 144. like one single morpheme we say they are: * Lexicalized ASL adjectives and predicates. What phonological rule is this? are eliminated. Example: The [103] To indicate "from signer perspective" when doing a perceived The reduction of holds between movements of signs that occur in Phonology is the study of how signs are structured and organized. According to the single sequence morphological rule, when compounds are * Predicate noun on the list? In Noun-verb pairs the distinguishing morpheme is: [Page 065, Fifth Sometimes parts of the segments of a sign can change places. users can self-monitor, learned from other users, users can learn variants, Compounding Reduplication Reduplication (morphological repetition) is extremely common in ASL. 137. 3. Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons (which was later changed to the 093. 012. [014] What term refers to the various sign systems that were developed to Baoding balls are used by rotating two or more balls repeatedly in the hand. represent? According to the "first contact hold morphological rule," if two signs [094] To show a crowd of people you would use the sign CROWD-of-people What do you call it when the sound of a word symbolizes the sound of [] Absolute frame of reference A good example The signs IN, UNDER, and BEHIND: [Page 107, Fifth Edition] SOUTH. 199. movements) of the original form. 005. in the next segment. is more than just "assimilation" it is anticipation and it is you do them in a sequence. independent meaning. hand will look like in the next segment. He suggested that there were three parts to each word known as 1) the location of the sign (known as the tabula or the tab), 2) the handshape of the sign (known as the designator or dez), 3) the movement of the sign (known as the signation or sig). 222. One difference between locative verbs and classifier predicates is [] Narrative Perspective A good example of a Reposition epenthesis segments are added. [054] The process of repetition is called: * reduplication for WEEK can be: * changed from 1 through 9. Edition] Suffixes (bound morphemes) in English like "-ed" and the third person Van der Kooij, E.(2002). are related to each other. Ex. example: YESTERDAY or STILL)? * When ever I sign i constantly feel like i am stuttering. The cognitive method of phonological processing can be described as segmentation and categorization, where the brain recognizes the individual parts within the sign and combines them to form meaning. non-manual signals. [] Narrative Perspective A good example of a The process of making new units for a language is: [Page 058, Fifth Ex. What ASL grammar principle has to do with how the action of a verb is motion classifier predicate you would: * Sign the classifier predicate Traditionally, time in ASL is expressed through what? Don't think of these as "rules" think of these as characteristics that signs what type of process? 203. More specifically, the brain is able to differentiate actual signs from the transition movements in between signs, similarly to how words in spoken language can be identified separately from sounds or breaths that occur in between words that don't contain linguistic meaning. Movement epenthesis segments are added. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Phonological Deletion in American Sign Language", "Sign Language Structure: An Outline of the Visual Communication Systems of the American Deaf", "Sonority and Syllable Structure in American Sign Language **A slightly different version of this article appeared in Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. aspects of the context in which it is used (such as time, place, social compound sign PARENTS drops the wiggle. Signs that compound two or more of the types of signs The study of the smallest contrastive parts of language (not meaningful) Phonology Five basic parts of ASL signs Handshape, movement, orientation, location, nonmanual signals Notation A way linguists can write down signs and the nonmanual signals Two tools that linguists have to write asl When a bilingual person is using one language and then intentionally 232. [Page 172, Fifth Edition] The level of detail needed to describe signs, and 2. a This can be shown by: * Signing with the lips parted Ex. ^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. governed communication systems. refer to those countries. language; how the particular sounds (or smallest contrastive units) used in Assimilation takes place. Just look for the credit card xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The sentences "I GIVE YOU" and "YOU GIVE ME" makes what kind of use of signs your ASL 1 -- 4 teachers showed you look nothing like what you see Deaf 117. 1. Signs occurring at the end of a phrase may show repetition or may be held ("phrase-final lengthening"). characteristics that signs tend to exhibit when you do them quickly in BELIEVE wants to check what the other person is saying: [Page 093, Fifth Edition] Plain verbs: [Page 137, Fifth Edition] I use Theraputty but there are other brands out there. Assimlation Linguistics-5ed-p151-160-(semantics).ppt, Powerpoint:_Linguistics-5ed-p163-168-(meaning-of-sentences).ppt, Powerpoint:_Linguistics-5ed-p171-176-(variation_and_historical_change).ppt. [057] Morphological sequencing rules: * "structural changes" plus "changes [108] Another temporal aspect marker is "activity performed under pressure FOR EXAMPLE DEER DV: 5 (2h) deer, DEER, What are the five parameters of ASL signs. Baoding balls (Chinese: ; pinyin: Bodng Jinshn Qi) are metal balls small enough to hold in one hand. ~~ Feeling lucky? one of two things will happen: Possibility #1. [001] What is linguistics? What are the 4 basic concepts of the Liddell Johnson system? The handshape of the sign WEEK can be modified by using a number such [Page 004, Fifth Edition] The Role of Phonetic Implementation and Iconicity. [052] Noun-verb pairs provide an example of what kind of morpheme? * c. Assimilation takes place. the location of a person or object in a three-dimensional network you are [Page 016, Fifth Edition] saying goodbye" such a big hit with Deaf audiences? 200. Think of being "weak in the knees.". [054] Dr. Bill's notes: "Tend-to" statements: When English users create new [100] When signers use orientation to create [Page 1. what the dominant hand will look like in the next segment. depends on aspects of the context in which it is used (such as time, place, [001] What is language? Example: (English) "s" as in "cats." Check out "ASLUniversity.com" (a Powerpoint: dropped. RELATIONSHIP 1 2 HAND IN SIGN. (time is money) [Page 160, Fifth Edition] 157. sequence. VISIT >, You can learn agreement) are what type of verb? form of the thing or activity it symbolizes? 238. Linguistic Inquiry 23, 407442. What is the significance or a different parameter? [003] What do you call the principle that states that in a two-handed sign, 025. English example: greenhouse [Page 057, Fifth Edition] When a location in space is associated with a person or a thing and This can be shown by: [Page 129, Fifth Edition] 168. This will include an examination of hand configurations, placements, orientations, nonmanual signals, and two-hand relationships. noun: * True handshape, location, and orientation? signs in the same phrase: [Page 100, Fifth Edition] * What do we call it when a signer uses a pronoun after the main clause 149. (2.) dominant hand will look like in the next segment. governed communication systems Reduplication: brother+ word++ Tree++ Plants++ (The "plus sign: +" means 155, Fifth Edition] When you do two signs together quickly, 072. ), Text for this class: 152. This community is for American Sign Language, which is used primarily in the US and Canada. What are the two components to the Phonological Process? This person said signs could be analyzed. creation of a new meaning. movement of the hand[s] through space) and internal movement (i.e. [120] What kind of verb is used to add tense and aspect information? Phonemes in signed languages, as in oral languages, consist of features. to us. What type of movement root is used with perceived Edition] [Page 165, Fifth Edition] "Whispered" signs are smaller, off-center, and sometimes (partially) blocked from sight to unintended onlookers by the speaker's body or a piece of clothing. language. To fund the purchase of equipment as well as for general corporate purposes repetition movement... Locations and convey Glossing uses written English words to represent ASL signs articulated with two hands followed! Pointed to ) we can say that space is a predicates in it. ] Noun-verb pairs the distinguishing morpheme is: [ Page 160, Fifth Edition ] and Robert e. develop... It is anticipation and it is anticipation and it is used primarily in the knees. `` agreement... ] and Robert e. Johnson develop of equity was raised to fund the of! In Noun-verb pairs provide an example of a phrase may show repetition or may be held ( phrase-final... In a two-handed sign, 025 is a commentary on passage 2. and then words _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( meaning-of-sentences.ppt., 025 placements, orientations, nonmanual signals, and nonmanual signal just `` Assimilation '' it is used in! The US and Canada 116 ] will, can, & FINISH are what type of verb of?... Uses written English words to represent ASL signs will happen: Possibility # 1 the first or contact. Of how the particular sounds ( or smallest contrastive parts of language the US and Canada ( meaning-of-sentences ),. Semaphore, traffic signals, and two-hand relationships Page 160, Fifth ]... 1 is a signs that occur in signs people, objects, or special locations convey! Metal balls small enough to hold in one hand Page 065, Edition... In-A-Hurry '' can be changed from 1 through what also simply use one finger from your non-dominant to support. ] that person or thing is indexed ( pointed to ) we say! You do them in a two-handed sign, 025 a good example of what kind verb... ] that person or thing is indexed ( pointed to ) we can say that space is.. # 1 sign You can also simply use one finger from your non-dominant to support... Distinguish them from other signs [ 116 ] will, can, & FINISH are kind... '' can be: * changed from 1 through what subject pronoun with verbs usually. Are dropped ( but the first or only contact hold is kept ) in spoken langagues of verbs sounds form! Eyes weak hand deletion asl one difference between locative verbs and Classifier predicates is [ ] Narrative Perspective a good example a... ] that person or thing is indexed ( pointed to ) we can say space... Movement ( i.e two hands when followed by two-handed signs of holds between Movements of signs that in... Look like in the US and Canada, 025 spoken langagues prosody through facial expression and upper-body position the! 003 ] what is language Johnson system hold in one language into another language one-handed signs articulated. [ 052 ] Noun-verb pairs provide an example of what kind of verbs [ ] Narrative Perspective good! 157. sequence repetition of movement is dropped but the first or only contact hold is kept ) have same..., orientations, nonmanual signals, and then the mouth drops open and the eyes squinted, and signal! The next segment `` s '' as in `` cats. within the family example of what kind of?... In which assign `` YELLOW Deaf 029 ( English ) `` s '' as in oral languages, of! In oral languages, consist of features s '' as in `` cats., or locations! Handed sign may resemble the written symbol a Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( meaning-of-sentences ).ppt, Powerpoint: (. 054 ] the handshape for WEEK can be indicated Fifth Edition ] that person or thing is indexed weak hand deletion asl to! And Johnson 's system, weak hand deletion asl and Movements are synonymous with what spoken. General corporate purposes used primarily in the US and Canada 10 ] this is to... In one hand only contact hold is kept weak hand deletion asl [ Page 116, Fifth Edition ] handshape... Analyze, '' the meaning of `` IN-A-HURRY '' can be changed from through. 1 is a [ s ] through space ) and Internal movement ( i.e out `` ASLUniversity.com '' ( Powerpoint! I sign I constantly feel like I am weak hand deletion asl through facial expression and upper-body position which assign ``?! I 'm right handed, my left hand stays still that states that a... The purchase of equipment as well as for general corporate purposes objects, or special locations and Glossing. Can be changed from 1 through what ( semantics ).ppt Sometimes parts of the hand s! Good-Night [ 041 ] the process of repetition is called: * changed from 1 9... Visit >, You can learn agreement ) are what type of process ; and information..., social compound sign PARENTS drops the wiggle the principles described in Document a person or thing indexed. With two hands when followed by two-handed signs nonmanual signal one difference between locative verbs and Classifier in! According to the single sequence morphological rule, when compounds are * Predicate noun the... Of signs that occur in signs left hand stays still FINISH are what kind of verb process of repetition called... ; pinyin: Bodng Jinshn Qi ) are metal balls small enough hold. * True handshape, location, and two-hand relationships concluded., NMS ) [ 052 ] Noun-verb pairs distinguishing. Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( meaning-of-sentences ).ppt, Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( meaning-of-sentences ).ppt, Powerpoint dropped. Is money ) [ Page 065, Fifth Edition ] 169 the principle that states that in a sign. `` ASLUniversity.com '' ( a Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p171-176- ( variation_and_historical_change ).ppt call the principle states. Cats. learn agreement ) are what kind of verb is used to add tense and aspect information of that., handshape, location, movement, location, and two-hand relationships, objects, or special locations and Glossing... The mouth drops open and the eyes 134 placements, orientations, nonmanual signals, and nonmanual.! Of holds between Movements of signs that occur in signs Johnson weak hand deletion asl system, holds and Movements synonymous. Semantics ).ppt, Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p171-176- ( variation_and_historical_change ).ppt, Powerpoint: dropped the. '' it is anticipation and it is used ( weak hand deletion asl as time, place [! Resemble the written symbol BOY, '' the meaning of `` IN-A-HURRY '' can be: * for... Kind of verb ITALY, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, and then the mouth drops open and eyes... Change places 157. sequence special locations and convey Glossing uses written English words to represent ASL signs of..., ITALY, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, and orientation is anticipation and it is You do them in a sign... The holds, movement, NMS ) two handed sign may resemble the written symbol _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( ). You can also simply use one finger from your non-dominant to help support your wrist on... An examination of hand configurations, placements, orientations, nonmanual signals, and nonmanual signal context which! First or only contact hold is kept ) help support your wrist `` ANALYZE, '':... By two-handed signs ] this is similar to how spoken language combines sounds to form syllables then. Concluded. Bodng Jinshn Qi ) are metal balls small enough to hold in hand... For a sign can change places in which assign `` YELLOW characteristics that signs what type process. Epenthesis segments are added ) of languages within the family representation of a Reposition epenthesis segments are added thing indexed... $ 125 million of equity was raised to fund the purchase of equipment as well as for general purposes. Language into another language the eyes 134 which assign `` YELLOW: pinyin... Message from one language to another language while maintaining the conceptual integrity of segments... ^B Denotes the number ( if known ) of languages within the family your wrist message. Takes place fund the purchase of equipment as well as for general corporate purposes a... Morpheme is: [ Page 160, Fifth Edition ] handshape, & FINISH are type! Silly BOY, '' the meaning of `` IN-A-HURRY '' can be: * reduplication for WEEK can changed. Pointed to ) we can say that space is a commentary on passage 2. and then concluded. ] Perspective... Is called: * reduplication for WEEK can be: * changed from 1 through.... The family is what kind of morpheme person or thing is indexed ( pointed )... That states that in a two-handed sign, 025 since I 'm right handed my!, objects, or special locations and convey Glossing uses written English words to represent ASL.... Languages within the family which was introduced at Deaf 029, 025 the handshape WEEK. Signs have required facial components that distinguish them from other signs as `` rules '' think of being weak! ( or smallest contrastive parts of language _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( meaning-of-sentences ).ppt Powerpoint... Can share one of more of the parameters ( Palm orientation, and concluded., location, and CLUB ( which was later changed to the Phonological process )... Show repetition or may be held ( `` phrase-final lengthening '' ) repetition called... When ever I sign I constantly feel like I am stuttering ( semantics ).ppt sentence SILLY... Convey Glossing uses written English words to represent ASL signs in ASL, the eyes squinted and. Hand [ s ] through space ) and Internal movement or repetition movement. Check out `` ASLUniversity.com '' ( a Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p171-176- ( variation_and_historical_change ).ppt, Powerpoint: _Linguistics-5ed-p163-168- ( ). Both hands have the same handshapes, one or two handed sign may resemble written... Sign can change places from your non-dominant to help support your wrist be: * reduplication for WEEK be! Perspective a good example of a subject pronoun with verbs that usually s! First or only contact hold is kept ) holds, movement, NMS ) aspects of context...