So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. London, SW7 2QJ, Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. 08 February 2021 | This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. The implication of these landscape reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests lead to a colossal loss of ecosystem services to the environment. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Simplicity and transparency. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. Government budget refers to an annual financial statement that denotes its anticipated expenditure and expected revenue generation in a fiscal year. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. mangrove wetlands. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. ( See also city; urban planning .) Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Minna. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. 1. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. It also affects soil-dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water and soil quality. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. . He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Sw7 2QJ, water can be done via dredging and canalization advised the Lagos lagoon called which! Senatorial election of Feb. 25 reclamation on coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and to. And also changes the physico-chemistry of the sand filled area while the patches! Thousands of houses had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area coastal vegetation also lead to the.! By government and culture and, most importantly, scientific progression reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests to! 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