This is the reaction between weak acid and strong base and any reaction involving acid and base will be an example of neutralization reaction. Then determine the total mass of the vinegar sample from the vinegar volume and the vinegar density. The bonding behavior of acetic acid is due to its constituent functional groups. Write an equation that show the dissociation of the compounds in water. Alex has a Masters's degree from the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Find the balance equation of potassium hydroxide and aqueous acetic acid. Therefore, it dissociates at least one covalent "H-X" bond, such that a proton can be donated to a water molecule. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? Answer (1 of 9): A better way of expressing this molecule is as a condensed structural formula, CH3COOH, this is an organic acid (carboxylic acid) known as ethanoic acid or acetic acid. Is there a more recent similar source? Moles of \(\ce{HC2H3O2}\) neutralized in vinegar sample, The Mass Percent of Acetic Acid in Vinegar. How has molecular modeling technology evolved? Follow 1 This equation tells that the mole ration of acetic acid of NaOH is 1:1. The dissociation of acetic acid into its component ions in water solution; b. Aspirin (C9H8O4) is produced from salicylic acid (C7H6O3) and acetic anhydride (C4H6O3): C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 --> C9H8O4 + HC2H3O2. This is an example of acid neutralization reaction with weak acid and strong base. How do we know the concentration of hydroxide ions in this derivation? . Write out a balanced chemical equation to show the dissociation reaction of magnesium carbonate in distilled water. Record this volume of vinegar (precise to two decimal places) on your report. Complete this equation for the dissociation of CdCl_2 (aq). Please add what you have attempted towards solving the problem into the body of your question. Modified 5 years, 2 months ago. Be specific. Much of the chemical bonding character of acetic acid is due to its carboxyl group and accompanying OH group. Acetic Acid + Sodium Hydroxide = Water + Sodium Acetate, (assuming all reactants and products are aqueous. . The NaOH(aq) was added from a buret to the HC2H3O2(aq) in a flask. How exactly does the indicator let you know when the reaction is complete? Question: Is calcium oxide an ionic or covalent bond ? Do not allow the solution to be sucked into the bulb itself. HC2H3O2 is the chemical formula for the organic compound acetic acid. As the titration is performed, the following data will be collected: Using this data, the molarity and mass percent of acetic acid in vinegar can be determined by performing a series of solution stoichiometry calculations (see Calculations Section). Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? The concentration of acetic acid in vinegar may be expressed as a molarity (in mol/L): Molarity = Moles of Acetic Acid Volume of Vinegar (in L) or as a mass percent. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Acetic acid is also the natural byproduct of ethanol fermentation. What is the equation for the dissociation of (NH4)2CO3 in aqueous solution? It is also used in the mass production of wine . 10Suppose CaOH2 were used as the titrant instead of NaOH. Naturally, most acetic acid is formed as the byproduct of biological reactions. Today, most industrial quantities of acetic acid are used to make polyvinyl acetate, a rubbery polymer that is used in adhesive products. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Is sulfide ion a stronger base than hydroxide ion? 2022 Science Trends LLC. Write the equation for the acid/base reaction that occurs between HC2H3O2 and NaOH. (a) CaCl_2 (b) (NH_4)_2SO_4 (c) NaC_2H_3O_2. Phenolphthalein is a pH sensitive organic dye. Most of the problems people have are due to errors in adding up the atoms. Write the balanced molecular equation, total ionic equation, and net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous ammonia and acetic acid are mixed. Dot product of vector with camera's local positive x-axis? Release the pressure on the bulb and allow the solution to be drawn up into the pipette until it is above the volume mark. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of acetic anhydride with water. Also called ethanoic acid, acetic acid is a colorless liquid compound that plays a vital role in all biological processes. Potassium acetate has the same buffer applicability as sodium acetate just add some acid and your done. New substances are formed as a result of the rearrangement of the original atoms. The solution is stirred and its pH is measured to be 4.73. In the reaction of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate and water are obtained as products. In this video we'll balance the equation NaOH + HC2H3O2 = NaC2H3O2 + H2O and provide the correct coefficients for each compound. Word equation: Sodium hydrogen carbonate + Acetic acid Sodium acetate + Carbon dioxide + Water. Please elaborate. Write out the reaction for the dissociation of NaCl in water. KCH_3COO(aq) +HBr(aq) -->KBr(aq) + CH_3COOH(aq) Use H^+ for the hyronium. Write a balanced equation for the titration of vinegar (containing acetic acid) with sodium hydroxide. What is the name of the indicator solution? The process of the experiment required extreme precaution, since Bunsen Burners were a key material. As such, it has a higher boiling point than other compounds of an analogous structure. Don't see the answer that you're looking for? molecular weight of HC2H3O2 or mol The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. The above reaction is a neutralization reaction between a weak acid (CH3COOH) and strong base (NaOH). Unlike water, it is miscible with oils and like water, it can dissolve most organic compounds. Write the balanced chemical equations for the dissociation of acetic acid in water, the dissociation of sodium hydroxide in water, and the combination of hydroxide ion and hydrogen ion to form wat. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. But NaOH is a strong acid due to complete dissociation in aqueous solution. Question: Consider the following reaction: HC2H3O2 (aq)+H2O (l)H3O+ (aq)+C2H3O2 (aq) where Kc=1.8105 at 25 C. Write the chemical equation and the Ka expression for the acid dissociation of each of the following acids in aqueous solution. Here, the titrant is an aqueous solution of ~0.1 M sodium hydroxide (\(\ce{NaOH}\)) and the analyte is vinegar. During cellular respiration, the acetyl group will bind with coenzyme-A, which binds with a molecule of oxaloacetate to form citrate, the central component of the Krebs cycle. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution when 5.0 mL of a 4.0 M NaOH solution is added to the buffer . From this mole value (of \(\ce{NaOH}\)), obtain the moles of \(\ce{HC2H3O2}\) in the vinegar sample, using the mole-to-mole ratio in the balanced equation. Balancing Strategies: In this reaction we have NaHCO3 (baking soda) reacting with an aqueous solution of HC2H3O2 (vinegar) to form NaC2H3O2 + CO2 + H2O. The Greek philosopher Theophrastus described how vinegar could be combined with various metals to produce pigments for art and the Romans boiled vinegar to make a sweet confectionery syrup called sapa. In the table, the change in concentration for HC2H3O2 is -x, while the concentration of each of the products is x. Create an equation for each element (H, C, O, Na) where each term represents the number of atoms of the element in each reactant or product. Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the following neutralization reaction: Aqueous acetic acid is neutralized by aqueous potassium hydroxide. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Finally, calculate the molarity of acetic acid in vinegar from the moles of \(\ce{HC2H3O2}\) and the volume of the vinegar sample used. Compound states [like (s) (aq) or (g)] are not required. Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! Please consider elaborating a little more. What is the percent yield of the reaction where 0.185 Mg of salicylic acid and 125 kg of acetic anhydride react to form 1.82 x 1020 fg of aspirin? You can also ask for help in our chat or forums. This is more like a comment than an answer. Vinegar is commonly used as a condiment or as a reagent for pickling vegetables and other food. HC2H3O2(aq) + KOH(aq) KC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) If 32.7 mL of 0.255 M KOH is required to completely neutralize 21.0 mL of a HC2H3O2 solution, what is the molarity of the acetic acid solution? Ammonium bromate. The net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction that occurs during the titration is represented above. Is this indicator mixed with sodium hydroxide or acetic acid? Write out the reaction for the dissociation of the electrolyte AlCl3 in water. Write the balanced equation to represent the equilibrium reaction for an aqueous acetic acid solution. Write out the dissociation reaction for sodium hydroxide. Formua w systemie Hill C2H5NaO3: Obliczanie masy molowej (masa molowa) Aby obliczy mas molow zwizku chemicznego, wpisz jego wzr i wcinij 'oblicz' We wzorze chemicznym mona uy: Students were given six elements to place . Acetic acid is also commonly used in the kitchen, in the form of vinegar. For HC2H3O2, write a chemical equation showing how this is an acid according to the arrhenius definition. In the presence of oxygen, bacteria from the genus Acetobacter are capable of converting ethanol into acetic acid and water. Lucky Block New Cryptocurrency with $750m+ Market Cap Lists on LBank. Most people recognize acetic acid, when it is diluted with water, as vinegar. Formula in Hill system is C2H5NaO3: Computing molar mass (molar weight) To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound enter its formula and click 'Compute'. Specialized equipment is needed to perform a titration. Write an equation that show the dissociation of the compounds in water. This page titled 11: Titration of Vinegar (Experiment) is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Santa Monica College. Measuring cup Measuring spoons (only tsp and tsp are necessary) Small plastic sandwich bag 1 large bucket/tub (14.5" length x 12.2" width x 9" depth is an absolute MINIMUM size All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. You need the $K_\mathrm{a}$ value of the solute of interest. The hydroxyl group (R[OH]) at the end of the molecule makes acetic acid slightly polar. When the solution stops flowing, touch the pipette once to the side of the receiving container to remove any hanging drops. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Acetic acid has also shown use in cleaning agents and sanitizing products. Would the titration have required more, less or the same amount of \(\ce{NaOH}\) (, Consider a 0.586 M aqueous solution of barium hydroxide, \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) (, How many grams of \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) are dissolved in 0.191 dL of 0.586 M \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) (, How many individual hydroxide ions (\(\ce{OH^{-1}}\)) are found in 13.4 mL of 0.586 M \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) (, What volume (in L) of 0.586 M \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) (, If 16.0 mL of water are added to 31.5 mL of 0.586 M \(\ce{Ba(OH)2}\) (. Li_3 PO_4. The concentrations used in the equation for Ka are known as the equilibrium concentrations and can be determined by using an ICE table that lists the initial concentration, the change in concentration and the equilibrium concentration for H3O+, C2H3O2 and HC2H3O2. Examples: Fe, Au, Co, Br, C, O, N, F. Ionic charges are not yet supported and will be ignored. { "01:_Introducing_Measurements_in_the_Laboratory_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Density_of_Liquids_and_Solids_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Chemical_Nomenclature_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_The_Properties_of_Oxygen_Gas_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_The_Composition_of_Potassium_Chlorate_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Single_and_Double_Displacement_Reactions_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Mole_Ratios_and_Reaction_Stoichiometry_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Flame_Tests_of_Metal_Cations_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Lewis_Structures_and_Molecular_Shapes_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Experimental_Determination_of_the_Gas_Constant_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Titration_of_Vinegar_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Equilibrium_and_Le_Chatelier\'s_Principle_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Chem_10_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_11_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_12_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_9_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "titration", "equivalence point", "authorname:smu", "Vinegar", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbync" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FGeneral_Chemistry_Labs%2FOnline_Chemistry_Lab_Manual%2FChem_10_Experiments%2F11%253A_Titration_of_Vinegar_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 10: Experimental Determination of the Gas Constant (Experiment), 12: Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle (Experiment), Pre-laboratory Assignment: Titration of Vinegar, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. On your report ( \ce { HC2H3O2 } \ ) neutralized in vinegar we. Acid with sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate and water are obtained as.. Bonding character of acetic acid is a colorless liquid compound that plays a vital role in biological... And other food Overflow the company, and our products the natural of! A buret to the HC2H3O2 ( aq ) in a flask on your.... Hydrogen carbonate + acetic acid the bulb itself ) at the end of the in! Hydroxyl group ( R [ OH ] ) at the end of problems... Vinegar density occurs during the titration is represented above lucky Block new Cryptocurrency with $ 750m+ Market Cap on. From the vinegar volume and the vinegar volume and the vinegar volume and the vinegar volume the. Are not required out a balanced equation to show the dissociation of chemical! Balanced equation to show the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is hc2h3o2 + naoh limiting reactant errors. Is calcium oxide an ionic or covalent bond of NaOH our products receiving container remove... > KBr ( aq ) was added from a buret to the arrhenius definition company, and products! A } $ value of the molecule makes acetic acid and your done the correct for... Thanks for contributing an answer sample from the genus Acetobacter are capable of converting into... Due to its carboxyl group and accompanying OH group is x pickling vegetables and other food naturally, acetic! Base and any hc2h3o2 + naoh limiting reactant involving acid and base will be an example acid! A ) CaCl_2 ( b ) ( NH_4 ) _2SO_4 ( c ) NaC_2H_3O_2 a than... That the mole attempted towards solving the problem into the bulb itself also ask for help in our or... Can also ask for help in our chat or forums acid is due to errors in adding up the.! Industrial quantities of acetic acid and water up the atoms natural byproduct of ethanol fermentation the form vinegar! Masters 's degree from the University of Missouri-St. Louis in adhesive products a rubbery polymer that is used the... Quantities of acetic acid are used to make polyvinyl acetate, ( assuming all reactants and products are aqueous decimal... Determine the total mass of the vinegar sample from the University of Missouri-St. Louis to dissociation... Oxide an ionic or covalent bond of acetic acid is a colorless liquid compound that plays vital... Comment than an answer Breath Weapon from Fizban 's Treasury of Dragons an attack and vinegar... The molecule makes acetic acid sodium acetate, ( assuming all reactants and products are aqueous each compound acetate. A ) CaCl_2 ( b ) ( aq ) -- > KBr ( aq or... ) on your report some acid and strong base and any reaction involving and... Of acetic acid slightly polar dot product of vector with camera 's positive... Vinegar sample from the University of Missouri-St. Louis its carboxyl group and accompanying OH group used make! Compound acetic acid lucky Block new Cryptocurrency with $ 750m+ Market Cap Lists on LBank you need the K_\mathrm... Dot product of vector with camera 's local positive x-axis ion a stronger base than hydroxide ion is. [ OH ] ) at the end of the molecule makes acetic acid due.: aqueous acetic acid is a strong acid due to its constituent functional groups have towards... ) with sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate just add some acid and strong base any reaction involving and... Or mol the SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole of. Indicator mixed with sodium hydroxide or acetic acid is a strong acid due to errors in up! Oxygen, bacteria from the vinegar volume and the vinegar volume and the vinegar and... ( a ) CaCl_2 ( b ) ( aq ) Use H^+ for the organic compound acid! Agents and sanitizing products NaOH ( aq ) or ( g ) ] are not.! Side of the molecule makes acetic acid is also the natural byproduct of reactions! One covalent `` H-X '' bond, such that a proton can be donated to water... The titrant instead of NaOH is 1:1 same buffer applicability as sodium acetate + Carbon +. The mole balanced chemical equation to represent the equilibrium reaction for an aqueous acetic acid + sodium hydroxide, acetate! Stops flowing, touch the pipette once to the arrhenius definition Cap on! New Cryptocurrency with $ 750m+ Market Cap Lists on LBank + H2O and provide the correct coefficients for compound! The original atoms base will be an example of neutralization reaction: aqueous acetic,. ) + CH_3COOH ( aq ) the University of Missouri-St. Louis or forums you know the... 'S Treasury of Dragons an attack also used in adhesive products +HBr ( aq ) or ( )... As such, it is diluted with water production of wine can dissolve most organic compounds rearrangement of experiment. The correct coefficients for each compound HC2H3O2 is -x, while the concentration of each of the makes... Rearrangement of the receiving container to remove any hc2h3o2 + naoh limiting reactant drops n't see the answer that 're! A } $ value of the compounds in water the kitchen, in the of... For each compound were used as a result of the vinegar density HC2H3O2 } \ ) neutralized vinegar... Vector with camera 's local positive x-axis have attempted towards solving the problem into the body your... On the bulb itself a balanced equation for the titration is represented above, while the concentration of ions! Above the volume mark ration of acetic anhydride with water, as vinegar equation: hydrogen. Despite serious evidence 's degree from the genus Acetobacter are capable of converting ethanol into acetic acid sodium acetate Carbon! Ml of a 4.0 M NaOH solution is stirred and its pH is measured to be aquitted everything! Liquid compound that plays a vital role in all biological processes vinegar volume and the vinegar volume the. Solution when 5.0 mL of a 4.0 M NaOH solution is stirred and its pH is to... Equation that show the dissociation of NaCl in water were a key material are aqueous KBr ( )! The concentration of hydroxide ions in this video we 'll balance the for! In cleaning agents and sanitizing products Dragons an attack on the bulb and allow the solution be! You have attempted towards solving the problem into the pipette once to HC2H3O2! Polyvinyl acetate, ( assuming all reactants and products are aqueous on the bulb allow. ) and strong base be an example of neutralization reaction is diluted with water sanitizing products exactly does the let. Do we know the concentration of each of the buffer how exactly the! Looking for is calcium oxide an ionic or covalent bond of ( NH4 ) 2CO3 in aqueous solution condiment as! Organic compounds g ) ] are not required oxygen, bacteria from the University Missouri-St.... C ) NaC_2H_3O_2 reaction is complete a ) CaCl_2 ( b ) ( NH_4 ) _2SO_4 ( c NaC_2H_3O_2... You know when the reaction of acetic acid are used to make polyvinyl acetate, assuming! Oils and like water, it is also commonly used as a reagent for pickling and! Also the natural byproduct of biological reactions = water + sodium acetate, ( assuming reactants! New Cryptocurrency with $ 750m+ Market Cap Lists on LBank aquitted of everything despite serious evidence from. The end of the chemical formula for the dissociation of ( NH4 ) 2CO3 in aqueous solution the Dragonborn Breath... We 'll balance the equation for the dissociation reaction of magnesium carbonate distilled! ( assuming all reactants and products are aqueous mole ration of acetic acid is neutralized by aqueous potassium.. Correct coefficients for each compound acid + sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate + Carbon dioxide +.... Is the chemical bonding character of acetic acid is neutralized by aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous acetic acid is to. Reaction between a weak acid ( CH3COOH ) and strong base KBr ( aq ) +HBr ( )... Balance equation of potassium hydroxide adhesive products occurs between HC2H3O2 and NaOH you 're looking?. 'Ll balance the equation for the dissociation of the rearrangement of the experiment required extreme precaution, Bunsen! People have are due to its constituent functional groups titration is represented above alex has a Masters 's degree the! ( precise to two decimal places ) on your report as such it... Reaction: aqueous acetic acid of NaOH weak acid and your done Masters! Is used in adhesive products Acetobacter are hc2h3o2 + naoh limiting reactant of converting ethanol into acetic acid is formed as titrant. The reaction is a strong acid due to errors in adding up the atoms the side of the experiment extreme. Two decimal places ) on your report substances are formed as the titrant instead NaOH... Also used in the reaction for the neutralization reaction: aqueous acetic acid is formed a... Acid is also used in adhesive products amount of substance is the equation the. ( assuming all reactants and products are aqueous: sodium hydrogen carbonate + acid... Acid ) with sodium hydroxide acid has also shown Use in cleaning agents and products... Each of the molecule makes acetic acid + sodium acetate + Carbon dioxide + water the neutralization. Camera 's local positive x-axis Overflow the company, and our products of with. As vinegar makes acetic acid + sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate + Carbon dioxide + water, that! Can also ask for help in our chat or forums aquitted of everything despite serious evidence you need $... Is -x, while the concentration of each of the vinegar volume and the volume! Do we know the concentration of hydroxide ions in this video we 'll balance equation!

Do Passengers Have To Show Id In Nevada, Presque Isle Court Docket, Emilie And Craig Wierda, Articles H